Scleral buckling surgery is a common procedure performed to repair retinal detachments, a serious condition where the retina detaches from the underlying tissues at the back of the eye. This detachment can lead to vision loss or blindness if left untreated. Scleral buckling surgery is aimed at reattaching the retina and preventing further vision loss.
During the procedure, the ophthalmic surgeon makes an incision in the conjunctiva (the thin, transparent tissue covering the sclera) to access the sclera, which is the tough, outer layer of the eye. Next, a flexible silicone band or sponge is placed around the circumference of the eye, typically near the equator. This band or sponge is securely sewn to the sclera, exerting outward pressure that indents the eye and helps support the detached retina back into its normal position against the underlying tissue.
The primary goal of scleral buckling surgery is to relieve the traction or pulling forces on the retina caused by retinal tears or breaks. By providing external support to the eye wall, the scleral buckle reduces the force pulling on the detached retina, allowing it to reattach and heal properly. Additionally, the indentation created by the buckle may also help to close retinal tears and prevent the accumulation of fluid underneath the retina.
In some cases, additional techniques may be performed during scleral buckling surgery to enhance its effectiveness. These techniques may include cryotherapy (freezing) or laser photocoagulation (heat treatment) to create scar tissue around retinal tears, sealing them and preventing further fluid leakage.
Scleral buckling surgery is typically performed under local or general anesthesia on an outpatient basis. Following the procedure, patients may experience mild discomfort, swelling, or redness around the eye, which usually resolves within a few days. Recovery time varies, but most patients can return to normal activities within a few weeks.
While scleral buckling surgery is highly successful in repairing retinal detachments, it may not fully restore vision if the detachment has caused irreversible damage to the retina. However, early diagnosis and prompt treatment with scleral buckling surgery can significantly improve the chances of preserving vision and preventing permanent vision loss. Regular follow-up appointments with an ophthalmologist are essential to monitor the healing process and ensure optimal visual outcomes following surgery.